{"id":1522,"date":"2024-08-30T07:42:53","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T02:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.editage.us\/blog\/?p=1522"},"modified":"2024-08-30T07:43:33","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T02:13:33","slug":"chicago-in-text-citations-citing-sources-as-per-the-chicago-manual-of-style","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.editage.us\/blog\/chicago-in-text-citations-citing-sources-as-per-the-chicago-manual-of-style\/","title":{"rendered":"Chicago In-Text Citations: Citing Sources as Per the Chicago Manual of Style\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In literature, fine arts, and related fields, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Chicago Manual of Style<\/a> is highly popular. This style guide covers a wide range of texts: not just journal articles but also monographs, essays, book chapters, and books. This article will help you understand the nuances of Chicago style, especially Chicago citation style.\u202f\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Chicago citation style?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagomanualofstyle.org\/tools_citationguide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">no single citation style<\/a> according to the Chicago Manual of Style!\u202fIf your target journal, publisher, or institution requires you to follow Chicago citation style, you\u2019ve got two options:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Author-date&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Notes-bibliography&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which you choose depends on your field as well as the guidelines you\u2019ve been given. In case those guidelines don\u2019t specify, look for sample papers to help you decide.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Author-date citations in Chicago style&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are familiar with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.us\/blog\/apa-citation-style-guide-7th-edition-citing-in-apa-format\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">APA style<\/a>, you probably understand the author-date citations system. When you cite a source in the text, you give the last names of the author(s) and the year of publication. If there are more than 3 authors, you list only the first in the text and then use \u201cet al.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Example of Chicago in-text citation in author-date style:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The fall in global oil prices turned Graciosaland, once an economically and politically stable regional power, into a country with \u201cwidespread unrest, inflation, and shortages of essential goods\u201d (Suvarnarajan and Tatsunima, 2023, 9-10).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rahimi et al. (2023) found a strong relationship between teachers\u2019 gender perceptions and student sexual harassment in school.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chicago citation style 2: Notes and bibliography\u202f&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In-text citations consist of superscript numbers with a footnote or endnote. You then have a bibliography at the end of the work.\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The advantage of this system is that it works in fields where a lot of your sources aren\u2019t conventional journal articles or books. For example, pictures, music compositions, or even web series.\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The footnote or endnote contains brief details of the work you\u2019re citing. You can also use &#8220;ibid.&#8221; or &#8220;op cit.&#8221; for brevity.\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether you use footnotes or endnotes may depend on the length of the text you\u2019re writing. If it\u2019s a short essay, endnotes are fine. If it\u2019s a full-length book, it\u2019s going to be tedious for readers to keep navigating between the endnotes and the main text; it makes sense to use footnotes instead even if they take up a lot of space on the page.\u202f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>See also: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.us\/blog\/footnotes-and-endnotes-in-chicago-style-citation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Footnotes and Endnotes in Chicago Style: A Handy Guide<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Example of Chicago in-text citation in the notes-bibliography style:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The year 1850 saw the climax in a social crusade against the female nude in any form of art.<sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Note<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Peter Natarajan and Charles Suwannathat,\u202f<em>Victorian Morality: How to Cook a Raccoon and Dance with an Ostrich<\/em>\u202f(New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 2020), 95.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At subsequent citations of this work, you can use a shortened note, like this:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Natarajan and Suwannathat, <em>Victorian Morality<\/em>, 123.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Formatting a Chicago in-text citation with missing information&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If there\u2019s missing information for a citation in the notes and bibliography system, it\u2019s pretty easy to handle: you just provide whatever information you have available. It\u2019s trickier when you\u2019re following the author-date system.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chicago in-text citation with no date<\/strong>: Use \u201cn.d.\u201d in the text, for example,&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The institution has strong policies against bullying (Saskawinga University, n.d.).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chicago in-text citation with no author:<\/strong> Use the title (or abbreviated title) and the year of publication, for example,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Narratives were commonly used in teaching statecraft and building political consciousness (<em>Panchatantra<\/em>, 1199).&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn about the two main ways of formatting in-text citations according to the Chicago Manual of Style: author-date and notes-bibliography. Also learn the difference between short notes and full notes in Chicago style<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1403,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[59,117,278],"ppma_author":[55],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chicago In-Text Citations: Citing Sources as Per the Chicago Manual of Style\u00a0 - Editage USA Official Blog Chicago In-Text Citations: Citing Sources as Per the Chicago Manual of Style | Editage USA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the 2 main ways of formatting in-text citations per the Chicago Manual of Style: author-date and notes-bibliography. Also the difference between short notes and full notes as Chicago in-text citations.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.editage.us\/blog\/chicago-in-text-citations-citing-sources-as-per-the-chicago-manual-of-style\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chicago In-Text Citations: Citing Sources as Per the Chicago Manual of Style\u00a0 - Editage USA Official Blog Chicago In-Text Citations: Citing Sources as Per the Chicago Manual of Style | Editage USA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn the 2 main ways of formatting in-text citations per the Chicago Manual of Style: author-date and notes-bibliography. 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